Germany 1955 – C. F. Gauss
Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) was
a German mathematician and astronomer who made significant
contributions to celestial mechanics (the study of orbital
motion and gravitational interactions). He devised the method
of least squares for fitting a smooth curve to observations of
uneven quality and used it to predict where the newly
discovered asteroid Ceres would be found after it had vanished
behind the Sun. He also introduced the Gaussian gravitational
constant, from which the astronomical unit can be precisely
derived. His work on gravitational perturbations was used by
J.C. Adams and U.J.J. Leverrier when predicting the existence
of the planet Neptune. He also investigated terrestrial
magnetism, as a result of which a unit of magnetic flux was
named the gauss, although this unit is now obsolete. This stamp
was issued on the centenary of his death.
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