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The Local Group of galaxies
The Local Group is a small cluster of about 50 galaxies, the largest members of
which are the Andromeda Galaxy (M31), a typical spiral, and our own Galaxy,
intermediate in type between a normal and a barred spiral. This table itemizes
all the main established members of the Local Group. Some extremely faint dwarf
members, mostly companions of M31, are still being discovered.
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Galaxy
|
RA
h m
|
dec
° ’
|
Type a
|
Absolute
magnitude |
Apparent
magnitude |
Distance
from Sun (kpc) |
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Andromeda Galaxy (M31)
|
00 42.7
|
+41 16
|
Sb I–II
|
–21.2
|
3.4
|
770
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Milky Way
|
—
|
—
|
S(B)bc I–II
|
–20.9
|
—
|
—
|
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Triangulum Galaxy (M33)
|
01 33.9
|
+30 39
|
Sc II–III
|
–18.9
|
5.9
|
850
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LMC M
|
05 24
|
–69 45
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Ir III–IV
|
–18.5
|
0.2
|
50
|
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SMC M
|
00 53
|
–72 50
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Ir IV/Ir IV–V
|
–17.1
|
2.0
|
63
|
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M32 (NGC 221) A
|
00 42.7
|
+40 52
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dE2
|
–16.5
|
8.1
|
770
|
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M110 (NGC 205) A
|
00 40.4
|
+41 41
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dE5p
|
–16.4
|
8.4
|
830
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IC 10 A
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00 20.3
|
+59 18
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dIr IV
|
–16.0
|
10.3
|
660
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NGC 6822 (Barnard’s Galaxy) M
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19 44.9
|
–14 52
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dIr IV–V
|
–16.0
|
8.3
|
500
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NGC 185 A
|
00 39.0
|
+48 20
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dE3p
|
–15.6
|
9.0
|
620
|
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IC 1613 A
|
01 04.8
|
+02 07
|
dIr V
|
–15.3
|
9.1
|
730
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NGC 147 A
|
00 33.2
|
+48 30
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dE5
|
–15.1
|
9.9
|
755
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Wolf–Lundmark–Melotte (DDO 221)
|
00 02.0
|
–15 28
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dIr IV–V
|
–14.4
|
10.6
|
920
|
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Fornax Dwarf M
|
02 40.0
|
–34 27
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dSph
|
–13.1
|
7.7
|
138
|
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Pegasus Dwarf (DDO 216, Peg DIG) A
|
23 28.6
|
+14 45
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dIr/dSph
|
–12.9
|
12.3
|
760
|
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Sagittarius I Dwarf M
|
18 55.0
|
–30 29
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dSph
|
–12.7
|
7.7
|
26
|
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Sagittarius (Sag DIG)
|
19 30.0
|
–17 41
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dIr V
|
–12.0
|
13.8
|
1040
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Andromeda I A
|
00 45.7
|
+38 00
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dSph
|
–11.8
|
12.9
|
810
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Andromeda II A
|
01 16.5
|
+33 25
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dSph
|
–11.8
|
12.6
|
680
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Cassiopeia Dwarf (Andromeda VII) A
|
23 26.5
|
+50 42
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dSph
|
–11.7
|
13.0
|
790
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Leo A (Leo III, DDO 69)
|
09 59.4
|
+30 45
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dIr V
|
–11.7
|
12.8
|
690
|
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Andromeda VI (Pegasus II) A
|
23 51.8
|
+24 35
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dSph
|
–11.3
|
13.4
|
820
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Leo I (DDO 74) M
|
10 08.4
|
+12 18
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dSph
|
–11.0
|
10.4
|
250
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Aquarius Dwarf (DDO 210)
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20 46.9
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–12 51
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dIr/dSph
|
–10.9
|
14.2
|
940
|
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Andromeda III A
|
00 35.6
|
+36 30
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dSph
|
–10.2
|
14.4
|
760
|
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Cetus Dwarf
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00 26.2
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–11 03
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dSph
|
–10.1
|
14.4
|
775
|
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Leo B (Leo II, DDO 93) M
|
11 13.5
|
+22 09
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dSph
|
–10.1
|
11.5
|
205
|
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Phoenix Dwarf M
|
01 51.1
|
–44 27
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dIr/dSph
|
–9.8
|
13.3
|
440
|
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Pisces Dwarf (LGS 3) A
|
01 03.9
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+21 53
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dIr/dSph
|
–9.8
|
14.3
|
620
|
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Sculptor Dwarf M
|
01 00.1
|
–33 43
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dSph
|
–9.8
|
10.0
|
88
|
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Tucana Dwarf
|
22 41.8
|
–64 25
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dSph
|
–9.6
|
15.2
|
880
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Sextans Dwarf M
|
10 13.0
|
–01 37
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dSph
|
–9.5
|
10.3
|
86
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Carina Dwarf M
|
06 41.6
|
–50 58
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dSph
|
–9.4
|
10.7
|
94
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Draco Dwarf (DDO 208) M
|
17 20.2
|
+57 55
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dSph
|
–9.4
|
11.0
|
79
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Andromeda V A
|
01 10.3
|
+47 38
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dSph
|
–9.1
|
15.9
|
810
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Ursa Minor Dwarf (DDO 199) M
|
15 09.2
|
+67 13
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dSph
|
–8.9
|
10.4
|
69
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a dE = dwarf elliptical; dIr = dwarf irregular; dSph = dwarf spheroidal.
A = companion of the Andromeda Galaxy; M = companion of the Milky Way.
Source: Based on a table by Eva K. Grebel, John S. Gallagher III and Daniel Harbeck, The Astronomical Journal, vol. 125, p. 1928 (April 2003), with additional data from a Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies by Igor D. Karachentsev et al., The Astronomical Journal, vol. 127, pp. 2031–2068, (April 2004).
Distance of the Sagittarius I dwarf from L. Monaco et al., Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 353, pp. 874–878 (2004).
Distance of the Leo I dwarf from M. Bellazzini et al., Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 354, pp. 708–712 (2004).
Last updated 2010 November
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